HMS Queen Mary at the Battle of Jutland

HMS Queen Mary at the Battle of Jutland HMS Queen Mary was a British battlecruiser that entered service in 1913. The last battlecruiser completed for the Royal Navy prior to World War I, it saw action during the early engagements of the conflict. Sailing with the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron, Queen Mary was lost at the Battle of Jutland in May 1916. HMS Queen Mary Nation:  Great BritainType:  BattlecruiserShipyard:  Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron CompanyLaid Down:  March 6, 1911Launched:  March 20, 1912Commissioned:  September 4, 1913Fate:  Sunk at the Battle of Jutland, May 31, 1916 Specifications Displacement:  27,200 tonsLength:  703 ft., 6 in.Beam:  89 ft., 0.5 in.Draft:  32 ft., 4 in.Propulsion:  Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, 42 Yarrow boilers, 4 x propellersSpeed:  28 knotsRange:  6,460 miles at 10 knotsComplement:  1,275 men Armament 4 Ãâ€" 2 – BL 13.5-inch Mk V guns16 Ãâ€" 1 – BL 4-inch Mk VII guns2 Ãâ€" 1 – 21-inch Mk II submerged torpedo tubes Background On October 21, 1904, Admiral John Jackie Fisher became First Sea Lord at the behest of King Edward VII. Tasked with reducing expenditures and modernizing the Royal Navy, he also began advocating for all big gun battleships. Moving forward with this initiative, Fisher had the revolutionary HMS Dreadnought built two years later. Featuring ten 12-in. guns, Dreadnought instantly made all existing battleships obsolete. Fisher next desired to support this class of battleship with a new type of cruiser that sacrificed armor for speed. Dubbed battlecruisers, the first of this new class, HMS Invincible, was laid down in April 1906. It was Fishers vision that battlecruisers would conduct reconnaissance, support the battle fleet, protect commerce, and pursue a defeated enemy. Over the next eight years, several battlecruisers were constructed by both the Royal Navy and the German Kaiserliche Marine. Design Ordered as part of the 1910–11 Naval Program along with four King George V-class battleships, HMS Queen Mary was to be the sole ship of its class. A follow-on to the earlier Lion-class, the new ship featured an altered interior arrangement, a redistribution of its secondary armament, and a longer hull than its predecessors. Armed with eight 13.5 in. guns in four twin turrets, the battlecruiser also carried sixteen 4 in. guns mounted in casemates. The ships armament received direction from an experimental fire-control system designed by Arthur Pollen. Queen Marys armor scheme varied little from the Lions and was thickest amidships. At the waterline, between B and X turrets, the ship was protected by 9 Krupp cemented armor.   This thinned moving towards the bow and stern. An upper belt of reached a thickness of 6 over the same length. Armor for the turrets consisted of 9 on the front and sides and varied from 2.5 to 3.25 on the roofs. The battlecruisers conning tower was protected by 10 on the sides and 3 on the roof. Additionally, Queen Marys armored citadel was closed off by 4 transverse bulkheads. Power for the new design came from two paired sets of Parsons direct-drive turbines which turned four propellers. While the outboard propellers were turned by high-pressure turbines, the inner propellers were turned by low-pressure turbines. In a change from other British ships since Dreadnought, which had positioned the officers quarters near their action stations amidships, Queen Mary saw them returned to their traditional location in the stern. As a result, it was it the first British battlecruiser to possess a sternwalk. Construction Laid down on March 6, 1911 at Palmer Shipbuilding and Iron Company in Jarrow, the new battlecruiser was named for King George Vs wife, Mary of Teck. Work progressed over the next year and Queen Mary slid down the ways on March 20, 1912, with Lady Alexandrina Vane-Tempest serving as the Queens representative. Initial work on the battlecruiser ended in May 1913 and sea trials were conducted through June. Though Queen Mary utilized more powerful turbines than earlier battlecruisers, it only barely exceeded its design speed of 28 knots. Returning to the yard for final alterations, Queen Mary came under the command of Captain Reginald Hall. With the completion of the ship, it entered commission on September 4, 1913. World War I Assigned to Vice Admiral David Beattys 1st Battlecruiser Squadron, Queen Mary commenced operations in the North Sea. The following spring saw the battlecruiser make a port call at Brest before a voyage to Russia in June. In August, with Britains entry into World War I, Queen Mary and its consorts prepared for combat. On August 28, 1914, the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron sortied in support of a raid on the German coast by British light cruisers and destroyers. In the early fighting during the Battle of Heligoland Bight, British forces had difficulty disengaging and the light cruiser HMS Arethusa was crippled. Under fire from the light cruisers SMS Strassburg and SMS Cà ¶ln, it called for aid from Beatty. Steaming to the rescue, his battlecruisers, including Queen Mary, sank Cà ¶ln and the light cruiser SMS Ariadne before covering the British withdrawal. Refit That December, Queen Mary took part in Beattys attempt to ambush German naval forces as they conducted a raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool, and Whitby. In a confused series of events, Beatty failed to bring the Germans to battle and they successfully escaped back the Jade Estuary. Withdrawn in December 1915, Queen Mary received a new fire control system before entering the yard for a refit the following month. As a result, it was not with Beatty for the Battle of Dogger Bank on January 24. Returning to duty in February, Queen Mary continued to operate with the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron through 1915 and into 1916. In May, British naval intelligence learned that the German High Seas Fleet had left port. Loss at Jutland Steaming in advance of Admiral Sir John Jellicoes Grand Fleet, Beattys battlecruisers, supported by the battleships of the 5th Battle Squadron, collided with Vice Admiral Franz Hippers battlecruisers in the opening phases of the Battle of Jutland. Engaging at 3:48 PM on May 31, the German fire proved accurate from the outset. At 3:50 PM, Queen Mary opened fire on SMS Seydlitz with its forward turrets. As Beatty closed the range, Queen Mary scored two hits on its opponent and disabled one of Seydlitzs aft turrets. Around 4:15, HMS Lion came under intense fire from Hippers ships. The smoke from this obscured HMS Princess Royal forcing SMS Derfflinger to shift its fire to Queen Mary. As this new enemy engaged, the British ship continued to trade hits with Seydlitz. At 4:26 PM, a shell from Derfflinger struck Queen Mary detonating one or both of its forward magazines. The resulting explosion broke the battlecruiser in half near its foremast. A second shell from Derfflinger may have hit further aft. As the after part of the ship began to roll, it was rocked by a ​large explosion before sinking. Of Queen Marys crew, 1,266 were lost while only twenty were rescued. Though Jutland resulted in a strategic victory for the British, it saw two battlecruisers, HMS Indefatigable and Queen Mary, lost with nearly all hands. An investigation into the losses led to changes in ammunition handling aboard British ships as the report showed that cordite handling practices may have contributed to the loss of the two battlecruisers.

Case Study Report Example

Case Study Report Example Case Study Report – Case Study Example Carnival Cruise Lines â€Å"Today’s Carnival† a label used to underscore the advancements in the brand, is different in form, but not essentially direction, than the Carnival of the past. With an average price of $175 per person per day, today’s Carnival Cruise Lines pricing continues to lead the other cruise lines in the industry which averages $235. The company’s executives estimated that only 16% of North Americans had ever taken a cruise, hence a potential and significant market to explore. As a result, Carnival Cruise Lines continues to direct its marketing efforts at stimulating primary demand through deviating to sea vacationers from sea vacationers. Another strategy that the company used involved placing mirrors in the crew areas near the exit doors, coupled with a sign to â€Å"share a smile.† This strategy was aimed at reminding the crew to smile whenever they were interacting with the guests; because that is what many people prefer in thi s century-to feel comfortable and to be recognized. In addition, the company embarked on customer-loyalty program in the form of a guest-recognition card in 2005. This was necessary for the crew members to recognize guests for their patronage and to offer more personalized attention which would later change the guest-crew relationship and privileged huge â€Å"psychic income.†The company is fully focused on the taste and preferences of the customers. In this regard-even though other factors such as casino gaming, entertainment, night clubs, dining choices and bars remained constant-the company also adapted to trends, offering karaoke, cigar bars, and even air brush tattoos. The company has continued to promote its fun image with the biggest media buy in the company’s history. The campaign was dubbed â€Å"million way to have fun† and was intended to develop the brand by showcasing product enhancement. In terms of dinning, Carnival Cruise Lines adopted the  "Total Choice Dinning† which retained the traditional fixed-seating dinning in the formal restaurants, but offered a choice of four as opposed to two dinning times. These strategies have helped Carnival Cruise Lines to prevail in the current competitive industry. Through these strategies, the company has managed to expand its market and customers. The strategy has attracted a young, middle-class clientele due to its fun ship theme.

Death with Dignity Essay

Death with Dignity Essay Death with Dignity Essay Response to Death With Dignity writing They call me a leader. They call me an innovator. They call me a miracle. In my lifetime I have achieved incredible things, done outstanding deeds and have surpassed every expectation thought-out for me. I have gone the extra mile to prove to myself, others and society that I am no different. I have sang in front of hundreds, spoken before thousands, and impacted a countless number of people. I have led schools, classmates, cities and states towards a common goal of unity. I have achieved so much in my mere eighteen years of life, that the majority of people don’t ever take the opportunity to experience. What is it that drives me to be so focused, you may ask? My drive is simply the will to live. I have had this zest for life from the day I was born. Over the years I have achieved greatness, understanding that my years may be short. Having a terminal illness has placed perspective on my life and the way in which I view it. I have learned to monitor my health and to have a great understanding as to its current standing. By judging me, you may say that I am an exception and that I have a clear mind of what is right and wrong, therefore could rightfully judge when the appropriate time may be to give into my illness and end the pain. My question to you is, why? Why make an exception? Why deem one action right for one person and not another? Who is to judge what is right versus wrong? Who is to judge what is best for another being? Who is to judge how one individual enters or exits the world. Our whole lives we have been told that we as individual beings have the freedom to decide ‘our destiny’ and what our life will come too, but your argument undermines exactly that . I find it to be my responsibility to speak for my peers in saying the points in your writing â€Å"What about do no harm?: Suicide is not health care, and prescribing death is not a doctor’s role† are far from accurate, valid or supported. Your point supports the government’s involvement and ability to force people to remain living just to suffer terrible pain, finishing the greatest times of their lives with the worst of days of agony. When all said and done, under current law people have no control over their death and instead are inverted back to helpless beings. As an adult with a terminal illness, this issue

Business In The City Of Madinat Zayed Assignment

Business In The City Of Madinat Zayed - Assignment Example The rent for the first month was paid in cash at that date. The partners also got one year insurance policy for the business and paid AED 7,500 in advance for the policy. On March 03, 2014, the partners purchased some stationery items required for running the business amounting AED 730 in cash. The stationery items include pens, pencils, diaries, customers’ registers etc. On March 05, 2014, the partners bought furniture for the business amounting AED 3,600 from Woodies Inc. on credit. The useful life of the furniture is estimated to be six (6) years. The partners also purchased a car for the school costing AED 24,000 from Mania Motors on the same date. AED 15,000 was paid at the time of purchase while the remaining balance is agreed to be settled in twenty (20) equal monthly installments. The useful life of car is estimated to be ten (10) years. All fixed assets are agreed to be depreciated on a straight-line basis. The Solutions Tech. has policy of charging full period deprec iation in the period of purchase. The business received AED 6,000 from different customers for the services provided in the first month. AED 4,000 was received on March 03, 2014, while AED 1,150 was received on March 12, 2014 and AED 850 was received on March 25, 2014. AED 600 and AED 1,200 were outstanding on account of Mr. Yaqoob and Mr. Williams in respect of services rendered on March 16, 2014 and March 19, 2014 respectively. However, Mr. Yaqoob had settled his account by the end of the month. The business paid AED 2,000 to Woodies Inc on March 28, 2014 on account of the furniture purchased. The Solutions Tech. also received an amount of AED 1,200 on March 31, 2014 in advance on account of development of Internal Network of â€Å"Ziad Consultants & Co.†. The work will be performed in April 2014. The business also purchased the advertisement services of â€Å"Metro Media† for advertising the newly established business at a cost of AED 2,000 on March 13, 2013. The pa rtners paid only AED 800 on March 18, 2013 for the services rendered. The remaining amount is outstanding till the period end. Mr. [Your/ Partner’s Name] has withdrawn an amount of AED 1,400 for personal use on March 31, 2014.

Sikhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sikhism - Essay Example Sikhism originated from the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev who opposed the caste system of Hinduism. The followers essentially believe in a formless God who is universal and both the creator as well as destructive force. The religious essentially is inclined towards protection of human rights and grants freedom to follow any religion as well as reject control by the political governance. Shinto (the way of many gods) is a Japanese religion which beliefs that every object whether living or non-living bears a life and therefore has a soul. The religion preaches regard towards the spiritual forms, which surround the world. The followers of Shinto believe in possession of the spirit, faith healing and shamanism. The paper here shall focus on one of the distinct religion of the east, originating in the state of Punjab, India, popularized as Sikhism (7 Major Eastern Religions, n.d.). Sikhism was initiated in 1469 in India after Guru Nanak Dev Ji was born. He was the first prophet of the Sikhs and the 10th or last was Guru Gobind Singh Ji. While Guru Nanak Dev Ji preached against the caste system, animal sacrifice and fasting, the later advocated all Sikhs to be baptized. The Rehatnamas was written by following the teachings of Guru Sahib, which directed the code of conduct of the followers. Guru Angad Dev Ji wrote the Gurmukhi script of the Sikhs. The third Guru created the hymns for funeral ceremony, the fourth Guru wrote hymns to be recited at marriages. The first four Gurus’ hymns were compiled by the fifth Guru to form the Adi Granth. Guru Gobind Singh Ji who compiled the ninth Guru’s hymns into the Adi Granth completed the Granth Sahib. After their tenth Guru died the Sikhs had their language, holy places and code of conduct and above all, a religion independent of all others. The Sikhs began to rule Punjab from the 1760s. It is the youngest of the four renowned religions of the world centering on worship of one God. The term ‘Sikh’ indic ates ‘disciple’, that is disciple of Sikh Gurus. (Guru’s Period, n.d.; Sikh Kingdom Era, n.d.) The Sikhs mainly pursue the preaching of the 10 Gurus scripted in their holy book, the Guru Granth Sahib. The religion is based upon noble conduct in life entailing truthfulness, equality and rejection of all kinds of superstitions and rituals without any scientific base. The Sikh should ensure a stable and persistent relation with God. According to the beliefs of Sikhism, the followers were supposed to worship one God who is ever existent. The religion preaches against the caste system, untouchability, any kind of occultism or horoscopes, â€Å"Shradh, Ancestor worship, Pind, Patal, Fasting, Tilak, Janju, Tulsi, Malla, Gor, Math, Marhi† and idol worship (SGPC, n.d). Yet the religion permits an individual to gain knowledge of other practices by reading. The Khalsa or the community of Sikhs should pray to God before taking on to any task and should not affect the sentiments of others. A Sikh child needs to be educated in the doctrines of Sikhism right after birth along with other lessons. The hair of the body should not be tampered with and a Sikh should not take any kind of intoxicant. A Sikh woman or man is not supposed to pierce his body (even ears and nose). One is not permitted to steal or get associated with gambling. A woman from the Sikh community is

Focus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Focus - Essay Example Organization The introduction of the essay is eye catching to the reader as the author makes a sounding impact with the first statement. Clearly, the reader can tell the intentions of the author from the introductory statement. As Regal introduces his essay, â€Å"For most of recorded history, the half-man, half-wolf lycanthrope reigned supreme as the creature travellers most feared encountering in the woods and along dark roads at night† (Regal 1). The statement points out to the reader that the topic in discussion is in the past. Though he is referring to these creatures at present, they are part of history which he talks about. The body explains the major points covering the topic of discussion to support his reasoning. Adequately, he explores the possibilities that could have led to the vanishing status of these creatures from the earth. In a candid way, Regal articulates historical and scientific possibilities that could have been the resultant factors to this condition. Conclusively, he has pulled all the major points together to summarize his work. In the conclusion part of the essay, the writer manages to conclude that Darwin’s theory of evolution could have been the biggest contributing factor to the loss of these creatures from the world. However, he fails to incorporate the historical beliefs ideologies to the conclusion part despite having focused on them in the body of the paper. Despite this though, the main points in the body of the paper have not been repeated but highlighted to give a summary. Support In the essay, the use of the Darwin theory backs the author’s ideas and opinions, making his arguments concrete and real. The assumption that a number of factors could have caused the loss of the werewolves in the world... In the past, people created all sorts of pictures and images for different reasons. The author has backed on this historical information and stories by the people of this time to draw a conclusion that these creatures actually existed. However, any type of information could have cropped up as a result of beliefs and practices by different people and societies. Regal (2) claims that these creatures were believed to have been as a result of witchcraft and black magic. This cannot scientifically be proven especially in a world that relies on science and evidence to prove various events and occurrences as well as phenomena. The author chose to take the claims of the people who existed in these times, legends and the film creativity as a fact, therefore drawing the conclusion that these creatures were in existence. Personally, I feel that this was a wrong move, as history can hardly prove that these creatures ever existed. Any form of scientific evidence to prove that these creatures ever existed could have given the author solid bargaining grounds. However, the use of a scientific theory successfully proves that somehow these creatures were in existence and vanished through the evolution process. According to Regal (5), the same forces of nature that led to the extinction of creatures like dinosaurs were responsible for the extinction of the Werewolves. In the essay, the author believes that these creatures were in existence in the world, and were a menace to the people especially the travelers.

Communicating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communicating - Essay Example By analysing the location, set designs, costumes, movement, and props of The Matrix films, one realizes they attempt to communicate the idea of extreme transformation through technology. The Wachowski Brothers shot The Matrix, the first film of the trilogy, in Sydney, Australia (Kurt, 2008, p. 3). Filming occurred on soundstages set up on streets, tops of skyscrapers, and inside warehouses, a process that lasted for around sixty days. The directors were enthusiastic about Sydney as an ideal location for filming. This is because production expertise, competitive prices, and a great essence of teamwork collectively improved Sydney’s appeal. The directors and production team also preferred Sydney’s structural design within the city and its overall topography to American and European cities. The duty of making a sum of thirty production sets for The Matrix also occurred in Sydney. Here, two of the largest sets were the inside the Nebuchadnezzar, the hovering home of Morpheus and his disciples, and the office for the agents (Kurt, 2008, p. 4). This office integrated a whole Sydney office block. There was a key series involving immense filming in an office block. Directors and the production team were unable to achieve this series in a real location. As a result, the director’s team constructed a vast steel structure that resembled a contemporary skyscraper inside the soundstage. Afterwards, the team placed a background of Sydney outside the windows through a translight. Even though the background was a prop, the location of the filming of The Matrix in this particular scene remained in Sydney. Downward-streaming characters often depict the code that makes up the Matrix, which is the key concept of the three films. This code entails reflections of half-size kana characters and western Latin numbers, signs, and letters. Certain scenes in the film show how